![]() ![]() ![]() Toxic heavy metals including mercury and chromium are discharged to the environment, and unfortunately they cannot biodegrade in nature. Pollutions caused by heavy metals spread into the aqueous systems from many industries such as metal plating and smelters, eluents from plastics, mining, and textile industries. People’s anxieties also increase because of pollutions caused by heavy metals. After 1990, to remove toxic pollutants in wastewater, scientists focused on persistent organic pollutants including PCBs, PAHs, and especially heavy metals due to destructive effects. Discharges from industrial activities have been identified as one of the major sources of aquatic pollution in industrialized countries. When large volumes of treated wastewater contain low concentrations of chemical constituent discharge-receiving water body, it may still lead to water quality problem. Wastewater treatment technologies follow two main approaches: first is the development of a single indicator integrating different criteria and second is the development of a set of multidisciplinary indicators. All scientists and environmentalists desire widespread recognition of the need to implement more sustainable WWT techniques. Economic issues besides environmental and social aspects must be considered when choosing the most appropriate WWT method. These technologies have reached comparably with other technologies in terms of cost and efficiency. In some cases, the electrochemical mechanism for metal recovery is very simple. Recently, WWT technologies including electrochemical technologies have regained their importance worldwide. Wastewater treatment and their reuse need innovative and appropriate technologies. To improve global health and to prevent spread of disease, reliable collection and treatment of wastewater are very important. Lack of WWT can lead to environmental pollution, and it may cause a hazardous effect for the health of humans. To prevent the spread of diseases, WWT systems are crucial, and they should have high levels of hygienic standards for reuse in agricultural and other areas. Safe, reliable, and sustainable treated WWT strategies have a vital role because of several challenges including adoption of low-cost WWT technologies. Research study results revealed that WWT, which is managed appropriately, has a large share in the growing economy when water resources treatment and supply are done in an appropriate manner. Recently, because of the impact of sewage contamination of groundwater, rivers, and lakes, the growing awareness of wastewater treatment is now receiving greater attention from researchers and environmentalists. But, because of the increasing rapid population growth and trends in urbanization, WWT plays an important role in human life. In the past, very little financial resources have been allocated for wastewater because water supply received more priority than wastewater treatment (WWT). So a few decades later, the world could face a major problem with freshwater supply. In most cases, as it contains different and large number of pollutants, wastewater lead to ecosystem hazards for being released around without being processed. Because of the rising living standards, growing world population, unconscious water consumption, and urbanization lead to increasing water supply costs. ![]() Worldwide, several water resources even underground water resources are contaminated, and they are not a suitable quality for drinking. Environmental and global changes especially industrial wastes and domestic and agricultural activities are the main water pollution source. ![]() Due to the vital role of water for humanity, it is necessary to improve and maintain its quality. ![]()
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